Copyright © 1999-2024 by Kevin Alan Brook.
See also The Jews of Khazaria
In English:
Kahle, Paul Ernst. The
Cairo Geniza. London: Oxford University Press, 1947.
In English:
Karatay, Osman. "Addressees of the Genizah Khazar Letter: Who Wrote to Whom?" In Studia Mediaevalia Europeae et Orientalia: Miscellanea in Honorem Professoris Emeriti Victor Spinei Oblata, ed. George Bilavschi and Dan Aparaschivei, pp. 155-168. Bucharest, Romania: Editura Academiei Române, 2018.
Schechter, Solomon. "An
Unknown Khazar Document." Jewish Quarterly Review, New Series,
3:2 (1912/1913): 182-219. Contains translation of The Schechter
Letter.
Cross-referenced: (Author?) "Old
Manuscripts Reveal a Lost Jewish
Kingdom." The New York Times (November 17, 1912). Includes a
translation of The Schechter Letter.
In French:
Mošin,
Vladimir A. "Les Khazares et les Byzantins d'après l'Anonyme de
Cambridge." Byzantion 6 (1931): 309-325.
In Hungarian:
Hunyadi, László. "A Schechter-féle szövegi egy
névtelen kazár zsidó levele Haszdai ibn Sapruthoz."
In Forrasók a korai magyar történelem
ismeretéhez, ed. András Róna-Tas, pp. 162-175.
Budapest, Hungary: Balassi Kiadó, 2001.
In Russian:
Brutzkus, Julius Davidovich. "Pis'mo khazarskogo yevreya ot X v."
Yevreyskaya misl' 1 (1922): 31-71.
Kokovtsov, Pavel Konstantinovich. "Novyi yevreyskii dokument o Xazarax i
xazaro-russko-vizantiyskix otnosheniyax v X veke." Zhurnal
Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya, n.s. 48:11 (St. Petersburg,
November 1913): 150-172. Contains translation of The Schechter
Letter.
Kokovtsov, Pavel Konstantinovich. "Zametka o yevreysko-xazarskix rukopisyax
Kembridzha i Oksforda." Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Series B,
Leningrad (1926): around pp. 122.
Mošin,
Vladimir A. "Xel'gu xazarskogo dokumenta." Slavia 15 (Prague,
1938): 191-200. About the story of Oleg, prince of Rus, in The
Schechter Letter.
Mudrak, O. A. "Zametki po inoyazichnoy leksike khazarsko-yevreyskikh dokumentov."
Khazarskii al'manakh 14 (2016): 349-379.
Linguistic speculations.
Petrukhin, Vladimir Iakovlevich. "K diskussii o yazike khazar."
Khazarskii al'manakh 14 (2016): 380-388.
Comments on Mudrak's article "Zametki po inoyazichnoy leksike khazarsko-yevreyskikh dokumentov".
Rashkovskiy, Boris Yevgen'evich. "Vnov' o leksike yevresyko-khazarskikh dokumentov. Marginalii na polyakh stat'i O. A. Mudraka 'Zametki po inoyazichnoy leksike khazarsko-yevreyskikh dokumentov'."
Khazarskii al'manakh 14 (2016): 389-395.
Critique of Mudrak's article.
Cross-referenced: Golb, Norman, and Pritsak, Omeljan Yósypovych. Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth
Century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982. Second half of book
contains translation of The Schechter Letter and commentaries on it.
Translated into Russian in 1997 under the title Khazarsko-yevreiskie
dokumenty X veka, published by Gesharim of Moscow and Jerusalem
in 1997. The Russian edition includes a new essay by Vladimir Iakovlevich Petrukhin.
In Turkish:
Karatay, Osman. "Hazarların Musevileşmesine Dair Bir Belge:
Genize Mektubu." Karadeniz
Araştırmaları No. 18 (Summer 2008): 1-17.
Contains translation of The Schechter Letter.
In English:
Ligeti, Lajos. "The Khazarian Letter from Kiev and its Attestation in
Runiform Script." Acta Linguistica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
31 (1981): 5-18.
Torpusman, Avraham M. "Slavic Names in a Kiev Manuscript from the First
Half of the 10th Century." In These Are the Names: Studies in Jewish
Onomastics, vol. 2, ed. Aaron Demsky, pp. 171-175. Ramat-Gan, Israel:
Bar-Ilan University Press, 1999.
In Hungarian:
Ligeti, Lajos. "Egy kievi kazár levél és
rovásirásos hitelesitése." Magyar Nyelv 80
(1984): 10-17.
In Russian:
Orel, Vladimir Emmanuilovich. "O slavyanskix imenax v yevreysko-xazarskom pis'me iz
Kieva." Palaeoslavica 5 (1997): 335-338. Discusses the idea that
there are Slavic names in the Kievan Letter.
Petrukhin, Vladimir Iakovlevich. "Yevrey v Kiev." Rodina No. 4-5
(2002): 50-52. Includes discussion of the Kievan Letter and the
origins of the early Jewish community in Kiev.
Tolochko, Petr P. "K voprosu o xazaro-yudeyskom proisxozhdenii Kieva."
Khazarskiy al'manax 2 (Kharkiv, 2004): 99-108.
Torpusman, Avraham M. "Antroponimiya i mezhetnicheskie kontakty narodev
Vostochnoi Yevropy v srednie veka." Imia - etnos - istoriya
(Moscow: Institut etnografii) (1989): 48-66. Includes a section titled
"Imia Gostiata v yevreyskoy rukopisi iz Kieva pervoi poloviny X veka"
which claims that some signatories of the Kievan Letter
(Gostyata, Severyata, Kupin) have names of East Slavic origin.
Torpusman, Avraham M. "Vokrug 'Kiyevskogo pis'ma': k 35-letiyu opublikovaniya
dokumenta. Polemicheskiye zametki." Khazarskiy al'manakh 16 (2018-2019):
117-152.
Cross-referenced: Golb, Norman, and Pritsak, Omeljan Yósypovych. Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth
Century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1982. First half of book
contains translation of The Kievan Letter and commentaries on it.
Translated into Russian in 1997 under the title Khazarsko-yevreiskie
dokumenty X veka, published by Gesharim of Moscow and Jerusalem in
1997. The Russian edition includes a new essay by Vladimir Iakovlevich Petrukhin.
Cross-referenced: Mudrak, O. A. "Zametki po inoyazichnoy leksike khazarsko-yevreyskikh dokumentov."
Khazarskii al'manakh 14 (2016): 349-379.
Cross-referenced: Petrukhin, Vladimir Iakovlevich. "K diskussii o yazike khazar."
Khazarskii al'manakh 14 (2016): 380-388.
Cross-referenced: Rashkovskiy, Boris Yevgen'evich. "Vnov' o leksike yevresyko-khazarskikh dokumentov. Marginalii na
polyakh stat'i O. A. Mudraka 'Zametki po inoyazichnoy leksike khazarsko-yevreyskikh dokumentov'."
Khazarskii al'manakh 14 (2016): 389-395.
In Danish:
Svane, Gunnar. Den Kazarisk-andalusiske brevveksling (Hebraiske kilder
til Ruslands ældste historie). Arbejdspapir #3. Aarhus, Denmark:
Aarhus Universitet, Slavisk Institut, 1993.
In English:
Cross-referenced: HaLevi, Yehuda. The Kuzari: In Defense of
the Despised Faith. Trans. Nissan Daniel Korobkin. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1998.
See appendix E (pages 341-357) for translations of the Hasdai and Joseph (Short
Version) texts.
Curta, Florin, ed. Medieval Eastern Europe (500-1300): A Reader. Toronto, ON, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 2024. The section "King Joseph on the Conversion of the Khazars to Judaism" carries a translation of the Short Version of King Joseph's Reply.
Kobler, Franz, ed. Letters of Jews through the Ages, vol. 1.
Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1952 and New
York: East and West Library, 1978. Pages 97-115 contain translations of
Hasdai's query letter and King Joseph's Reply.
Leviant, Curt, ed. Masterpieces of Hebrew Literature. New York:
Ktav, 1969. Pages 164-169 contain a translation of King Joseph's
Reply (Short Version) to Hasdai, immediately following a translation
of Hasdai's query letter.
Putík, Alexandr. "Notes on the Name GBLYM in Hasdai's Letter to the
Khaquan of Khazaria." In Ibrahim ibn Yakub at-Turtushi: Christianity,
Islam and Judaism Meet in East-Central Europe c. 800-1300 A.D.:
Proceedings of the International Colloquy 25-29 April 1994, ed.
Petr Charvát and J. Prosecký, pp. 169-175. Prague, 1996.
Cross-referenced: Adler, Elkan Nathan, ed. Jewish Travellers. London: George
Routledge and Sons, 1930. The letters of Hasdai and Joseph (Short Version)
are contained on pages 22-36.
In French:
Grégoire, Henri. "Le 'Glozel' Khazare." Byzantion 12 (1937):
225-266. Contains outdated interpretations.
In German:
Kaplony, Andreas. "Routen, Anschlussrouten, Handelshorizonte im Brief von
Hasdáy ben ?aprút an den hazarischen König." In
Ibrahim ibn Yakub at-Turtushi: Christianity, Islam and Judaism Meet in
East-Central Europe c. 800-1300 A.D.: Proceedings of the International
Colloquy 25-29 April 1994, ed. Petr Charvát and J.
Prosecký, pp. 140-168. Prague, 1996.
In Hebrew:
Halpern, Israel. "Ha-Kuzarim ve-Hashevatim ha-Genuzim b'igerret Khasdai
Ibn Shaprut el Melekh Kuzar." Zion 18 (1951): 82-84.
In Hungarian:
Kohn, Sámuel. Héber kutforrások és adatok
Magyarország történetéhez. Budapest:
Akadémiai Kiadó, 1990 (reprint
edition). Originally published by Zilahy of Budapest in 1881. Hasdai's
letter is contained on pages 10-23.
Joseph's letter is contained on pages 24-43 (both the Short Version and
Long Version). Also contains
the text of Yosippon Codex (on pages 3-9).
Mandel, Miklós. József khazár király válaszlevelének hitelessége.
Pécs, Hungary: Dunántül Egyetemi Nyomda, 1929. Doubts the authenticity of King Joseph's Reply.
Spitzer, Shlomo Jehuda and Komoróczy, Géza. Héber kútforrások Magyarország és
a magyarországi zsidóság történetéhez a kezdetektől 1686-ig.
Budapest: MTA Judaisztikai Kutatócsoport, 2003.
Pages 68-103 contain translations of Hasdai's query letter and the Short Version and Long Version of King Joseph's Reply.
In Italian:
Signorini, Alberto. "La Corrispondenza Cazara." Los Muestros: The
Sephardic Voice No. 20 (September 1995).
In Polish:
Lewicki, Tadeusz. "Ze studiów nad tzw. 'Koresponencją
chazarską.'"
Biuletyn Żydowskiego
Instytutu Historycznego No. 11-12 (1954): 3-16.
In Russian:
Feygina, S. A. "Istoriyografiya yevreysko-khazarskoy perepiski X v." In
Feodal'naya Rossiya vo vsemirno-istoricheskom protsesse: Sbornik
statei, ed. Vladimir Terentevich Pashuto et al., pp. 225-234. Moscow:
Nauka, 1972.
Kokovtsov, Pavel Konstantinovich, ed. Yevreysko-xazarskaya perepiska v
X veke. Leningrad, 1932. Translations of Short and Long Versions of
King Joseph's Reply.
Rashkovskiy, Boris Yevgen'evich.
"Nekotoryye istoriograficheskiye aspekty voprosa o podlinnosti poslaniya khazarskogo pravitelya Iosifa."
In Trudy XXVIII chteniy pamyati chl.-korr. AN SSSR V.T. Pashuto "Vostochnaya Yevropa v drevnosti i srednevekov'ye - 20-22 aprelya 2016, pp. 246-248. Moscow: Nauka, 2016. Some historiographical aspects of the question of the authenticity of King Joseph's Reply.
Rashkovskiy, Boris Yevgen'evich. "Pis'mo Iosifa: podlinnost', dostovernost', diplomaticheskiye praktiki."
In DG, 2019–2020 gody: Diplomaticheskiye praktiki antichnosti i srednevekov'ya, pp. 215-231.
Moscow, 2020.
Cross-referenced: Mudrak, O. A. "Zametki po inoyazichnoy leksike khazarsko-yevreyskikh dokumentov."
Khazarskii al'manakh 14 (2016): 349-379.
Cross-referenced: Petrukhin, Vladimir Iakovlevich. "K diskussii o yazike khazar."
Khazarskii al'manakh 14 (2016): 380-388.
Cross-referenced: Rashkovskiy, Boris Yevgen'evich. "Vnov' o leksike yevresyko-khazarskikh dokumentov. Marginalii na
polyakh stat'i O. A. Mudraka 'Zametki po inoyazichnoy leksike khazarsko-yevreyskikh dokumentov'."
Khazarskii al'manakh 14 (2016): 389-395.
In Spanish:
Benmaman, Joseph D. "Historia de la extraordinaria vida de Hasdai Ibn
Shaprut." Maguen - Escudo 100 (1996): 9-19, 103 (1997): 4-17,
107 (1998): 41-48.
In Turkish:
Karatay, Osman, and Duranlı, Muvaffak.
"Hazar Kağanı Yusuf'un Endülüs'e Mektubu."
Bilig 64 (Winter 2013): 199-230.
In Ukrainian:
Bushakov, Valerii A. "Iak ukladalasia dokladna redaktsiya tak zvanogo lista
khozarskogo tsaria Yosyfa." Khazarskii al'manakh 4 (2005), 118-128.
On the Long Version of King Joseph's Reply.
Rashkovskiy, Boris Yevgen'evich. "Hebrays'ko-khozars'ke lystuvann." In Entsiklopediya Istoryii Ukrayiny, vol. 1, pp. 146-148. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 2021.
In Hebrew:
Assaf, Simcha. "R. Yehuda al-Bartseloni al igereth Yosef, melekh ha-Kuzarim."
in Yeshurun 11 (Berlin, 1924), pp. 113-117. Reprinted in the
book Meqorot wemekhqarim betoldot israel (Jerusalem, 1946) on pp. 91-95,
which is followed by an extra commentary on pp. 96-99.
In Dutch:
Halevi, Juda. Kuzari: het boek van de Chazaar. Trans. Rolf Post.
Amsterdam: Mastix, 2010.
Hallevi, Jehoeda. Al-Choezari, het boek van argumentatie en
bewijsvoering van een verachte godsdienst. Trans. J. H. Hospers.
Amsterdam: Arbeiderspers, 1954.
Hospers, J. H. "Jehuda Halevi en de Chazaren." Nederlands Theologisch
Tijdschrift 21 (1966): 1-15.
Pinkhof, S. Jehoeda Halevi's "Coezari" en wij. Trans. S. Pinkhof.
Bussum, Netherlands: Van Dishoeck, 1923. Selections from Kuzari.
In English:
HaLevi, Yehuda. The Kuzari: In Defense of
the Despised Faith. Trans. Nissan Daniel Korobkin. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1998.
2nd edition published in Jerusalem, Israel and Nanuet, NY by Feldheim Publishers in 2009.
Halevi, Yehudah. The Kuzari: translated into English from Hakuzari
Hameforash. Trans. Kalman Steinberg. Nanuet, NY: Feldheim, 2000.
Halevi, Yehudah. The Kuzari - Part I and II. Trans. Avraham Yaakov
Finkel. Scranton, PA: Yeshivath Beth Moshe, 2000.
Halevi, Yehudah. The Kuzari - Part III and IV. Trans. Avraham
Yaakov Finkel. Scranton, PA: Yeshivath Beth Moshe, 2000.
Halevi, Judah. The Kuzari: An Argument for the Faith of Israel.
Trans. Hartwig Hirschfeld. New York: Schocken, 1964.
Schweid, Eliezer. "The Khazar Motif in Judah Halevi's Sefer
ha-Kuzari." In The
World of the Khazars: New Perspectives -
Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar
Colloquium, eds. Peter Benjamin Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai, and
András Róna-Tas, pp. 279-290. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill,
2007.
In French:
Hallevi, Juda. Le
Kuzari, apologie
de la religion méprisée. Trans. Charles Touati.
Louvain, France: Verdier et Peeters, 1994.
Hallévi, Juda. Le livre du Kuzari. Trans. M. Ventura. Paris:
Rieder, 1932. Judaïsme, Oeuvres #17.
In Hebrew:
Halevi, Yehuda. Sefer ha-Kuzari. Berlin: B. Cohen, 1930. Reprint of
the 1867 Warsaw edition.
In Hungarian:
Kuzári: érvek és bizonyítékok
konyve a megvetett vallás védelmében. Trans.
Miklós Maróth.
Piliscsaba, Hungary: Avicenna Közel-Kelet Kutatások
Intézete, 2004.
In Italian:
ha-Lewi, Yehudah. Il
re dei Khàzari. Trans. Elio Piattelli.
Torino, Italy: Bollati Boringhieri, 1991.
In Russian:
Galevi, Ieguda. Kuzari. Trans. Golda Lipsh. Jerusalem: Shamir, 1980.
In Spanish:
Haleví, Yehudá. El Cuzari. Trans. Lázaro
Schallman. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Editorial S. Sigal, 1958.
Ha-Leví, Jehudá. Cuzary.
Trans. Jesús Imirizaldu. Madrid: Editora Nacional, 1979.
Ha-Levi, Yehudá.
Cuzary.
Diálogo filosófico.
Trans. Rabbi Jacob Abendana. Madrid: Victoriano Suárez, 1910.
Reissue of a translation from 1663.
Ha-Levi, Yehuda. El
Cuzary. Libro de la prueba y de la demostración en defensa de la
religión menospreciada. Trans. Núria Garcia i Amat
and Albert Soriano i Blasco. Barcelona: Ediciones Indigo, 2001.
In English:
Adler, Elkan Nathan, ed. Jewish
Travellers. London: George Routledge and Sons, 1930.
Contains translations of the works of Eldad ha-Dani, Rabbi Petakhiah of
Ratisbon, and other medieval Jewish writers. Some of the translations in
the book are abridged.
Benjamin of Tudela. The
Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela: Travels in the Middle Ages.
Trans. Marcus Nathan Adler. Malibu, CA: Joseph Simon/Pangloss
Press, 1987. Benjamin, a 12th century Spanish Jew, briefly remarked about
merchants from "Khazaria" in the Middle East, and on Jewish settlement in
Kievan Rus.
Cohen, Gerson David, ed. The
Book of Tradition by Abraham ibn Daud.
Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1967. This work,
Sefer ha-qabbalah, composed in 1161, includes a paragraph about
the Khazar conversion to Rabbinical Judaism and the correspondence between
Hasdai and Joseph.
In French:
Nahon, Gérard. "Correspondance hébraïque khazare." In
Dictionnaire Universel des Littératures, ed. Béatrice
Didier, vol. 2, pp. 1888-1889. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1994.
In Hebrew:
Harkavy, Abraham Elija. "Rab Sa'adyah Gaon al debar ha-Kuzarim." In Semitic
Studies in Memory of Rev. Dr. Alexander Kohut, XXXV, ed. G. A. Kohut,
pp. 244-247. Berlin: S. Calvary and Co., 1897. Comments by Saadiah Gaon on
the Khazars.
In Russian:
Rashkovskiy, Boris Yevgen'evich.
"K voprosu ob otnoshenii k Khazarii v yevreyskikh istochnikakh X v."
In Problemy yevreyskoy istorii, Ch. 1, pp. 72-82. Moscow: Sefer, 2008.
10th-century Jewish documents' attitudes towards Khazaria.
In Spanish:
Ibn Daud, Abraham. Libro
de la Tradición (Sefer ha-Qabbalah).
Trans. Lola Ferre. Barcelona: Riopiedras Ediciones, 1990.
This work, composed in 1161, includes a paragraph about the Khazar
conversion to Rabbinical Judaism and the correspondence between Hasdai
and Joseph.
Pascal Labajos, Juan Pedro.
"Fuentes
hispano-hebreas sobre los jázaros: aproximación a las fuentes existentes. Siglos X-XV."
Trabajos y Comunicaciones, 2da. Época, No. 54 (July-December 2021): e146.
Discusses medieval Spanish Jewish references to the Khazars and their Judaism.
In Arabic:
Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. Kitab Futuh al-Buldan. Ed. R. M.
Radwan. Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahdah al-Misriyah, 1959.
Al-Masudi, Abu al-Hasan `Ali. Muruj adh-Dhahab wa Ma`adin
al-Jawhar. Ed. M. Muhi' ad-Din `Abd al-Hamid. Cairo, 1964-1967.
Ibn al-Nadim, Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Kitab al-Fihrist. Ed. Gustav
Flügel. Beirut, 1966.
Ibn al-Nadim, Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Kitab al-Fihrist. Tehran:
Maktabat al-Assadi, 1971.
In English:
Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. The Origins of the Islamic State, being a
translation from the Arabic, accompanied with annotations, geographic and
historic notes of the Kitab futuh al-buldan of al-Imam Abu-l Abbas, Ahmad
ibn-Jabir al-Baladhuri, trans. Francis Clark Murgotten, ed. Philip Khuri
Hitti. 2 Volumes. New York: Columbia University, 1916. Beirut: Khayats, 1966.
New York: AMS Press, 1968-1969. Translation of Futuh al-buldan.
Al-Masudi, Abu al-Hasan `Ali. The Meadows of Gold. Trans. Paul Lunde
and Caroline Stone. London and New York: Kegan Paul International; distributed
by Routledge, Chapman, and Hall, 1989. Translation of Muruj udh-Dhahab
wa Maadin ul-Jawahir.
Al-Muqaddasi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad. The Best Divisions for Knowledge of
the Regions: A Translation of Ahsan al-Taqasim fi Marifat al-Aqalim.
Trans. Basil Anthony Collins. Reading, UK: Garnet, 1994.
Translation of Descriptio Imperii Moslemici.
Frye, Richard Nelson, ed. and trans. Ibn
Fadlan's Journey to Russia: A Tenth-Century Traveler from Baghdad to the
Volga River. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2005.
Ibn al-Nadim, Muhammad ibn Ishaq. The Fihrist of al-Nadim: A
Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture. Trans. Bayard Dodge. Vols. 1
and 2. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970.
Martinez, Arsenio P. "Gardizi's Two Chapters on the Turks." Archivum
Eurasiae Medii Aevi 2 (1982): 109-217.
Minorsky, Vladimir Fedorovich. Hudud al-`Alam (The Regions of the World): A
Persian Geography 372 A.D.-982 A.D. London: Messrs. Luzac and Co., 1937.
E. J. W. Gibb Memorial, New Series, XI.
Shapira, Dan D. Y. "Iranian Sources on the Khazars." In The
World of
the Khazars: New Perspectives - Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999
International Khazar Colloquium, eds. Peter Benjamin Golden,
Haggai
Ben-Shammai, and András Róna-Tas, pp. 291-306. Leiden,
Netherlands: Brill, 2007.
In French:
Al-Masudi, Abu al-Hasan `Ali. L'abrege des merveilles, traduit de l'arabe
d'apres les manuscrits de la Bibliotheque nationale de Paris par le Bon Carra
de Vaux. Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1898.
Al-Masudi, Abu al-Hasan `Ali. Les prairies d'or. Trans.
Charles-Adrien-Casimir Barbier de Meynard and Abel Pavet de Courteille.
Paris: Societe asiatique, 1962. Originally published in 1861-1917. Translation
of Muruj udh-Dhahab wa Maadin ul-Jawahir.
Ibn Fadlan, Ahmad. Voyage chez les Bulgares de la Volga. Trans.
Marius Canard. Paris: Sindbad, 1988.
Molé, Marijan, ed. La légende de Zoroastre selon les textes
pehlevis. Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1967. Includes a section that attacks
the Mosaic beliefs of the Khazars as well as other religions.
In German:
Al-Bakri. Kitab mu'jam ma ista' jam, Das geographische Worterbuch des Abu
'Obeid 'Abdullah ben 'Abd el-'Aziz el-Bekri: Nach den Handschriften zu Leiden,
Cambridge, London und Mailand, ed. Ferdinand Wustenfeld. Vols. 1 and 2.
Osnabruck, Germany: Biblio-Verlag, 1976.
Göckenjan, Hansgerd, and Zimonyi, István. Orientalische
Berichte über die Völker Osteuropas und Zentralasiens im
Mittelalter: Die Gayhani-Tradition. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz,
2001. Collection of medieval Persian and Arab sources related to Khazars
and other steppe tribes, translated into German.
Ibn Fadlan, Ahmad. Ibn Fadlans Reisebericht. Trans. Ahmed Zeki Velidi
Togan. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1939, in Abhandlungen für die Kunde des
Morgenlandes, Band 24, Nr. 3.
In Hungarian:
Pauler, Gyula, and Szilágyi, Sandor. A magyar honfoglalás
kútföi. Budapest: Nap, 1995. Originally published in 1900
by Magyar tudomanyos akademia of Budapest.
Contains a number of useful translations from Arabic sources.
In Persian:
Ibn Rustah, Ahmad ibn Umar. al-Alaq al-nafisah. Maruf bih Ibn Rustah.
Tarjamah va taliq-i Husayn Qarah'chanlu. Tehran, Iran: Amir Kabir, 1986.
Ibn Rustah's geographic work contains second-hand knowledge of the Khazars,
Magyars, Slavs, and other peoples.
In Polish:
Chwilkowska, Eva. "Wiadomosci perskiego pisarza Gardizi'ego (XI W.) o
ludach wschodniej i srodkowej Europy." Slavia Antiqua 25 (1978):
141-172. Discusses the work of Abd-al Hayy ibn al-Dahhak Gardizi as it
relates to the Khazars and the history of the Slavs and Rus.
In Russian:
Ibn al'-Mas'udi, Abu-l-Hasan 'Ali ibn al-Husain. Zolotye kopi i rossipi
samotsvetov. Trans. Dmitrii Valentinovich Mikulskii. Moscow: Natalis,
2002.
Ibn Fadlan, Ahmad. Kniga Akhmeda Ibn Fadlana o ego puteshestvii na
Volgu v 921-922 gg. Stat'i, perevody i kommentarii. Trans. A.
P. Kovalevskii. Kharkov, Ukraine, 1956.
Kalinina, Tat'yana Mikhailovna.
"Yakut: Pervoistochniki nekotorykh svedeniy o Khazarii i Khazarskom More."
Khazarskii al'manakh 13 (2015): 96-110.
Discusses Yaqut ibn 'Abdullah al-Rumi al-Hamavi's data about Khazaria's location and geography.
Kalinina, Tat'yana Mikhailovna. "Khazary v trudakh al-Biruni."
Khazarskiy al'manakh 18 (2021-2022): 99-116.
Cross-referenced: Kruglov, Yevgenii V. "Khazarskii kaganat v pamiatnikakh arkheologii
i po dannym Ibn Fadlana." In Puteshestvie ibn Fadlana: Volzhskii
put' ot Bagdada do Bulgara. Katalog vystavki, ed. A. I. Torgoev and
Iliya R. Akhmedov, pp. 226-273. Moscow: Izdatel'skii dom Mardzhani, 2016.
In Turkish:
Al-Baladhuri, Ahmad ibn Yahya. Futuhu'l-buldan (Ulkelerin fetihleri)
by el-Balazuri, ceviren Mustafa Fayda. Ankara: Kultur ve Turizm Bakanligi,
1987. Translation of Futuh al-buldan.
Seşen,
Ramazan. Islâm Cografyacilarïna Göre
Türkler ve Türk Ülkeleri. Ankara: Türk
Kültürünü Arastirma Enstitüsü, 1985.
Translations of many Islamic sources.
Üren, Umut.
"Ākāmü'l-Mercān'a Göre Hazar Ülkesi ve Türk Yurtları."
Karadeniz Araştırmaları 19:73 (Spring 2022): 73-92.
Analysis and translation of Khazaria-related passages in the 11th-century document Kitab akam al-marjan fî zikrul-medain al-meshiira fî kulli mekan by Ishaq ibn Hussain.
In English:
Bedrosian, Robert Gregory, ed. K'art'lis C'xovreba
(The Georgian Chronicle). New York:
Sources of the Armenian Tradition, 1991.
Czeglédy, Károly. "Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor on the Nomads." In
Studia Turcica, ed. Lajos Ligeti, pp. 133-148. Budapest:
Akadémiai Kiadó, 1971. A Syriac source on the steppe
peoples.
Movses Dasxuranci. History of the Caucasian Albanians. Trans.
C. J. F. Dowsett. London: Oxford University Press, 1961.
Movses Dasxuranc'i. History
of the Aghuans: Book II.
Trans. Robert Bedrosian. Dandenong South, VIC, Australia: Sophene Books, 2021.
Includes a description of Khazaria's invasion and conquest of Caucasian Albania in the 7th century
and an interview with a Khazar kagan.
Nadiradze, K. "Khazars." In Caucasus in Georgian Sources - Encyclopedical
Dictionary, ed. Vakhtang Goiladze, pp. 310-312. Tbilisi: Foundation of
Georgian Studies, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, 2012.
Shapira, Dan D. Y. "Armenian and Georgian Sources on the Khazars: A
Re-Evaluation." In The
World of the Khazars: New Perspectives -
Selected Papers from the Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar
Colloquium, eds. Peter Benjamin Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai, and
András Róna-Tas, pp. 307-352. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill,
2007.
In French:
Peeters, Paul. "Les Khazars dans la Passion de S. Abo de Tiflis." Analecta
Bollandiana 52 (1934): 21-56.
In German:
Altheim, Franz, and Stiehl, Ruth. "Michael der Syrer über das erste
Auftreten der Bulgaren und Chazaren." Byzantion 28 (1959):
105-118. References to Bulgars and Khazars in the 12th-century Syriac
chronicle written by Michael Syrus.
Czeglédy, Károly. "Bemerkungen zur Geschichte der Chazaren."
Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 13:3 (1961):
239-251. About Syrian and Armenian sources concerning Khazars.
John, son of Sabanis. Das Martyrium des Heiligen Abo von Tiflis.
Trans. K. Schultze. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1905. Translation of the
Passion of Saint Abo.
Pätsch, Getrud, trans. Das Leben Kartli's. Eine Chronik aus
Georgien, 300-1200. Leipzig: Dieterich, 1985. Translation of The
Georgian Chronicle.
In Armenian:
Theophanes the Confessor. Teopanes Khostovanogh. Targmanutyun bnagrits,
arajaban, ev tsanotagrutyunner Hrach Bartikyani. Erevan, Armenia:
Haykakan SSH GA Hratarakchutyun, 1983. Translation of Theophanes'
Chronographia.
In English:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus. De
Administrando Imperio. Ed. György
Moravcsik. Trans. R. J. H. Jenkins. Budapest, 1949. Also printed in 1967.
Reprint: Baltimore: Dumbarton Oaks Publishing Service, 1985 (revised edition),
1993. Composed circa 950 by a Byzantine emperor, this work
discusses events and military strategies involving the nations
surrounding Byzantium, including Khazaria, Alania, and Hungary.
Howard-Johnston, James Douglas. "Byzantine Sources for Khazar History." In
The
World of the Khazars: New Perspectives - Selected Papers from the
Jerusalem 1999 International Khazar Colloquium, eds. Peter
Benjamin
Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai, and András Róna-Tas, pp.
163-193. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2007.
Nicholas I Patriarch of Constantinople. Letters. Eds. and trans.
R. J. H. Jenkins and L. G. Westerink. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks
Center for Byzantine Studies, 1973. Also includes Greek text.
Theophanes the Confessor. The
Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor: Byzantine
and Near Eastern History, A.D. 284-813. Trans. Cyril Mango and
Roger Scott.
Oxford, England: Clarendon Press and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
A recent translation of Theophanes' Chronographia.
In French:
Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Le livre des cérémonies,
ed. and trans. by Albert V. Vogt. 2 volumes. Paris: Bude, 1935, 1939-1940;
also printed in 1967. Translation of De Ceremoniis Aulae
Byzantinae.
In Hungarian:
Szabó, János B. and Bollók, Ádám.
"A
'szavart–türk dosszié'. A 9. századi kelet-európai steppei
vándorlások 16–17. századi párhuzamok tükrében."
Századok 152:3 (2018): 479-542.
Khazar history in the 9th century and Khazar-Magyar relations as revealed in Constantine
Porphyrogenitus' De administrando imperio. The authors believe Porphyrogenitus
had a Khazarian source for much of his information.
In Russian:
Petrukhin, Vladimir Iakovlevich. "Xazariya, vengry i Rus' u Konstantina
Bagryanorodnogo: tezisy k novomu kommentariyu." In Xazary: Vtoroi
Mezhdunarodnii kollokvium: tezisy, ed. Vladimir Iakovlevich Petrukhin
and Artyom M. Fedorchuk, pp. 78-81? Moscow: Tsentr nauchnyx rabotnikov i
prepodavatelei iudaiki v vuzakh "Sefer", Evreiskii universitet v Moskve,
and Institut Slavyanovedeniya Rossiiskoy akademii nauk, 2002. Analysis of
statements by Constantine Porphyrogenitus about Khazars, Magyars, and Rus'.
Theophanes the Confessor. Zhizneopisaniia vizantiiskikh tsarei. Prodolzhatel'
Feofana. Izdanie podgotovil IA. N. Liubarskii. Saint Petersburg: Nauka,
1992. Translation of Theophanes' Chronographia.
In English:
Cross, Samuel Hazzard and Sherbowitz-Wetzor, Olgerd P., eds. and trans.
The
Russian Primary Chronicle: The Laurentian Text. Cambridge, MA:
Mediaeval Academy of America, 1953.
Ostrowski, Donald, ed. The
Povest' Vremennykh Let: An Interlinear Collation and Paradosis.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 2000.
Riasanovsky, Alexander V., and Watson, William E., eds. Readings
in Russian History. Vol. 1. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1991.
Walsh, Warren Bartlett. Readings in Russian History. Vol.
1: From Ancient Times to Nicholas I. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse
University Press, 1963.
Zenkovsky, Serge A., ed. Medieval
Russia's Epics, Chronicles, and Tales.
New York: Meridian, 1974.
In Russian:
Poviest vremennyx lyet'. Vol. 1. Moscow-Leningrad, 1950.
Poviest' vremennykh' lyet'. Vol. 1. The Hague: Mouton and Co., 1969.
In English:
Lin, Ying. "Some
Chinese Sources on the Khazars and Khwarazm." Archivum
Eurasiae Medii Aevi 11 (2000-2001): 339-364.
Shirota, Shun. "The Chinese Chroniclers of the Khazars: Notes on Khazaria
in Tang Period Texts." Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 14
(2005): 231-261.
In Russian:
Shulga, Daniil. "Khazariya po kitayskim pis'mennym istochnikam."
Materialy po arkheologii i istorii antichnogo i srednevekovogo Prichernomor'ya 15 (2023): 615-619.
Chinese chronicles' statements about Khazaria.
In English:
Dawson, Christopher Henry, ed. The Mongol Mission: Narratives and
Letters of the Franciscan Missionaries in Mongolia and China in the
Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1955.
Includes a translation of a travelog by Joannes de Plano Carpini which
refers to the "Gazari" people.
In Italian:
Joannes de Plano Carpini. Historia Mongalorum: viaggio di f. Giovanni
da Pian del Carpine ai Tartari nel 1245-47. Ed. and trans. G.
Pullé. Firenze, Italy, 1913.
Copyright © 1999-2024 by Kevin Alan Brook.